Last updated: April 11, 2023

Classics Program at BGSU Studies in Latin at BGSU Department of World Languages and Cultures Instagram: bgsu_languages Twitter: BGSU_Languages Facebook: BGSU Languages Bowling Green State University

UPDATE: Added the material for Quiz 5 in LAT 1020/1020H. (4/11/23)
Added some links to the ToC and revised the stuff for Quiz 4 in LAT 1020. (3/21/23)
Corrected the forms of ille in the dative to accord with Wheelock. (10/30/22)
Cleared away some outdated text and excised the forms of esse from Caput XII. (10/26/22)

ACCIDENCE!

(i.e., inflected forms of nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc)

_________________________

Table of Contents:

(LAT 1010)

Capita I-IV
Capita V-VIII
Capita IX-XII

Capita XIII-XVI

Capita XVII-XX

(LAT 1020)

Capita XXI-XXIV

Capita XXV-XXVII

Capita XXVIII-XXX, XXXII

Capita XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXVII, XXXIX
_________________________

Wheelock's Latin, Capita I-IV



Caput I:

PRINCIPAL PARTS
PRES. IND. ACT. 1st PERSON SG.	PRES. ACT. INF.	PERF. IND. ACT. 1st PERSON SG.	PERF. PASS. PARTICIPLE
laudō “I praise”	laudāre “to praise”	laudāvī “I have praised”	laudātum “having been praised”

present active indicative

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.	sg.
1st	laudō	“I praise.”
2nd	laudās	“You praise.” (sg.)
3rd	laudat	“He/She/It praises.”
	pl.	pl.
1st	laudāmus	“We praise.”
2nd	laudātis	“You praise.” (pl.)
3rd	laudant	“They praise.”

present active imperative

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.	sg.
2nd	laudā!	“Praise!” (command to one person)
	pl.	pl.
2nd	laudāte!	“Praise!” (command to more than one person)

PRINCIPAL PARTS
PRES. IND. ACT. 1st PERSON SG.	PRES. ACT. INF.	PERF. IND. ACT. 1st PERSON SG.	PERF. PASS. PARTICIPLE
moneō “I praise”	monēre “to praise”	monuī “I have praised”	monitum “having been praised”

present active indicative

moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum “to advise, warn”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.	sg.
1st	moneō	“I warn.”
2nd	monēs	“You warn.” (sg.)
3rd	monet	“He/She/It warns.”
	pl.	pl.
1st	monēmus	“We warn.”
2nd	monētis	“You warn.” (pl.)
3rd	monent	“They warn.”

present active imperative

moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum “to advise, warn”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.	sg.
2nd	monē!	“Warn!” (command to one person)
	pl.	pl.
2nd	monēte!	“Warn!” (command to more than one person)

Caput II

1st Declension Nouns
porta, —ae (f.) gate

case (and function)	singular	plural
nominative (subject of verb)	porta	portae
genitive: (possession)	portae	portārum
dative: indirect object of verb	portae	portīs
accusative: direct object of verb	portam	portās
ablative: object of some prepositions (etc.)	portā	portīs
vocative (direct address)	porta	portae

Capita III-IV:
2nd Declension Nouns

amīcus, —ī (m.) friend

case (and function)	singular	plural
nominative (subject of verb)	amīcus	amīcī
genitive: (possession)	amīcī	amīcōrum
dative (indirect object of verb)	amīcō	amīcīs
accusative: (direct object of verb)	amīcum	amīcōs
ablative: (object of some prepositions)	amīcō	amīcīs
vocative (direct address)	amīce	amīcī

dōnum, —ī (n.) gift

case (and function)	singular	plural
nominative (subject of verb)	dōnum	dōna
genitive: (possession)	dōnī	dōnōrum
dative (indirect object of verb)	dōnō	dōnīs
accusative: (direct object of verb)	dōnum	dōna
ablative: (object of some prepositions)	dōnō	dōnīs
vocative (direct address)	dōnum	dōna

Caput IV

ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS

In these:
the masculine is declined like amīcus,
the feminine like porta,
and the neuter like dōnum.


magnus, —a, —um, big, great

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nom.	magnus	magna	magnum
Gen.	magnī	magnae	magnī
Dat.	magnō	magnae	magnō
Acc.	magnum	magnam	magnum
Abl.	magnō	magnā	magnō
Voc.	magne	magna	magnum
PLURAL
Nom.	magnī	magnae	magna
Gen.	magnōrum	magnārum	magnōrum
Dat.	magnīs	magnīs	magnīs
Acc.	magnōs	magnās	magna
Abl.	magnīs	magnīs	magnīs
Voc.	magnī	magnae	magna

sum

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
PRES. IND. ACT. 1st PERSON SG.	PRES. ACT. INF.	PERF. IND. ACT. 1st PERSON SG.	PERF. PASS. PARTICIPLE
sum “I am”	esse “to be”	fuī “I have been”	----------

present active indicative

sum, esse, fuī, ----- “to be”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.
1st	sum	“I am.”
2nd	es	“You are.” (sg.)
3rd	est	“He/She/It is.”
	pl.
1st	sumus	“We are.”
2nd	estis	“You are.” (pl.)
3rd	sunt	“They are.”

Capita V-VIII



Caput V:
future and imperfect of the 1st and 2nd conjugations






future active indicative

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.
1st	laudābō	“I will praise.”
2nd	laudābis	“You will praise.”
3rd	laudābit	“He/She/It will praise.”
	pl.
1st	laudābimus	“We willpraise.”
2nd	laudābitis	“You willpraise.”
3rd	laudābunt	“They will praise.”

imperfect active indicative

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.
1st	laudābam	“I was praising.”
2nd	laudābās	“You were praising.”
3rd	laudābat	“He/She/It was praising.”
	pl.
1st	laudābāmus	“We were praising.”
2nd	laudābātis	“You were praising.”
3rd	laudābant	“They were praising.”

future active indicative

moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum “to advise, warn”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.	sg.
1st	monēbō	“I will warn.”
2nd	monēbis	“You will warn.”
3rd	monēbit	“He/She/It will warn.”
	pl.	pl.
1st	monēbimus	“We will warn.”
2nd	monēbitis	“You will warn.”
3rd	monēbunt	“They will warn.”

imperfect active indicative

moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum “to advise, warn”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.	sg.
1st	monebam	“I was warning.”
2nd	monēbās	“You were warning.”
3rd	monēbat	“He/She/It was warning.”
	pl.	pl.
1st	monēbāmus	“We were warning.”
2nd	monēbātis	“You were warning.”
3rd	monēbant	“They were warning.”

Caput VI:

sum and possum

This one we've seen, but you won't want to forget it:


present active indicative
sum, esse, fuī, ----- “to be”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.
1st	sum	“I am.”
2nd	es	“You are.”
3rd	est	“He/She/It is.”
	pl.
1st	sumus	“We are.”
2nd	estis	“You are.”
3rd	sunt	“They are.”

Add pot- (“able”) to esse (“to be”) and you get posse “to be able”.

present active indicative

possum, posse, potuī, ----- “to be able; can”

person	Latin	translation
	sg.	sg.
1st	possum	“I am able.” /”I can.”
2nd	potes	“You are able.” / “You can.”
3rd	potest	“He/She/It is able.” “He/She/It can .”
	pl.	pl.
1st	possumus	“We are able.” / “We can.”
2nd	potestis	“You are able.” / “You can.”
3rd	possunt	“They are able.” / “They can.”

  They don't have a conjugation; like David S. Pumpkins, they are their own thing.
But, since they're really the same verb, they conjugate identically.

future active indicative: sum and possum

person	Latin sum, esse, fuī, -----”to be”	translation	Latin possum, posse, potuī, ----- “to be able”	translation
	sg.	sg.	sg.	sg.
1st	erō	“I will be.”	poterō	“I will be able.”
2nd	eris	“You will be.”	poteris	“You will be able.”
3rd	erit	“He/She/It will be.”	poterit	“He/She/It will be able.”
	pl.	pl.	pl.	pl.
1st	erimus	“We will be.”	poterimus	“We will be able.”
2nd	eritis	“You will be.”	poteritis	“You will be able.”
3rd	erunt	“They will be.”	poterunt	“They will be able.”

imperfect active indicative

person	Latin sum, esse, fuī, -----”to be”	translation	Latin sum, esse, fuī, ----- “to be able”	translation
	sg.	sg.	sg.	sg.
1st	eram	“I was.”	poteram	“I was able.”
2nd	erās	“You was.”	poterās	“You was able.”
3rd	erat	“He/She/It was.”	poterat	“He/She/It was able.”
	pl.	pl.	pl.	pl.
1st	erāmus	“We was.”	poterāmus	“We were able.”
2nd	erātis	“You was.”	poterātis	“You were able.”
3rd	erant	“They was.”	poterant	“They were able.”

Caput VII:
3rd Declension Nouns

These are different forms than the 1st and 2nd declensions, but the cases have the same meanings.

	rēx, rēgis (m.) “king”	corpus, corporis (n.) “body”
singular
Nom.	rēx	corpus
Gen.	rēgis	corporis
Dat.	rēgī	corporī
Acc.	rēgem	corpus
Abl.	rēge	corpore
plural
Nom.	rēgēs	corpora
Gen.	rēgum	corporum
Dat.	rēgibus	corporibus
Acc.	rēgēs	corpora
Abl.	rēgibus	corporibus

Caput VIII:

3^rd Conjugation Verbs

agō, agere, ēgī, actum “to do, drive, act”
	present active indicative (-i-/-u-)	future active indicative (-ē-)	imperfect active indicative (-ēbā-)
singular
1st	agō (“I do.”)	agam (“I will do.”)	agēbam (“I was doing.”)
2nd	agis (“You do.”)	agēs (“You will do.”)	agēbās (“You were doing.”)
3rd	agit (“He/She/It does.”)	aget (“He/She/It will do.”)	agēbat (“He/She/It was doing.”)
plural
1st	agimus (“We do.”)	agēmus (“We will do.”)	agēbāmus (“We were doing.”)
2nd	agitis (“You do.”)	agētis (“You will do.”)	agēbātis (“You were doing.”)
3rd	agunt (“They do.”)	agent (“They will do.”)	agēbant (“They were doing.”)

agō, agere, ēgī, actum “to do, drive, act”
present active imperative
singular
2nd	age! (“Do!”)
plural
2nd	agite! (“Do!”)

Capita IX-XII

Caput IX

hic, haec, hoc: “he/she/it, this _____; the latter”

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nom.	hic	haec	hoc
Gen.	huius	huius	huius
Dat.	huic	huic	huic
Acc.	hunc	hanc	hoc
Abl.	hōc	hāc	hōc
PLURAL
Nom.	hī	hae	haec
Gen.	hōrum	hārum	hōrum
Dat.	hīs	hīs	hīs
Acc.	hōs	hās	haec
Abl.	hīs	hīs	hīs

ille, illa, illud: “he/she/it, that _____; the former”

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nom.	ille	illa	illud
Gen.	illīus	illīus	illīus
Dat.	illī	illī	illī
Acc.	illum	illam	illud
Abl.	illō	illā	illō
PLURAL
Nom.	illī	illae	illa
Gen.	illōrum	illārum	illōrum
Dat.	illīs	illīs	illīs
Acc.	illōs	illās	illa
Abl.	illīs	illīs	illīs

Caput X:

4^th Conjugation Verbs

audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum “to hear”
	present active indicative (-ī-)	future active indicative (-iē-)	imperfect active indicative (-iēbā-)
singular
1st	audiō (“I hear.”)	audiam (“I will hear.”)	audiēbam (“I was hearing.”)
2nd	audīs (“You hear.”)	audiēs (“You will hear.”)	audiēbās (“You were hearing.”)
3rd	audit (“He/She/It hears.”)	audiet (“He/She/It will hear.”)	audiēbat (“He/She/It was hearing.”)
plural
1st	audīmus (“We hear.”)	audiēmus (“We will hear.”)	audiēbāmus (“We were hearing.”)
2nd	audītis (“You hear.”)	audiētis (“You will hear.”)	audiēbātis (“You were hearing.”)
3rd	audiunt (“They hear.”)	audient (“They will hear.”)	audiēbant (“They were hearing.”)

audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum “to hear”
present active imperative
singular
2nd	audī! (“Hear!”)
plural
2nd	audīte! (“Hear!”)

Caput XI: personal pronouns

ego, meī “I”; nōs, nostrum “we”
tū, tuī “you” (sg.); vōs, vestrum “you” (pl.)

SINGULAR
	1st person	2nd person
Nom.	ego	tū
Gen.	meī	tuī
Dat.	mihi	tibi
Acc.	mē	tē
Abl.	mē	tē
PLURAL
Nom.	nōs	vōs
Gen.	nostrum/ nostrī	vestrum / vestrī
Dat.	nōbīs	vōbīs
Acc.	nōs	vōs
Abl.	nōbīs	vōbīs

is, ea, id “the ____ ; he/she/it”

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nom.	is	ea	id
Gen.	eius	eius	eius
Dat.	eī	eī	eī
Acc.	eum	eam	id
Abl.	eō	eā	eō
PLURAL
Nom.	eī /iī	eae	ea
Gen.	eōrum	eārum	eōrum
Dat.	eīs	eīs	eīs
Acc.	eōs	eās	ea
Abl.	eīs	eīs	eīs

Caput XII:

The Perfect Tenses

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise”
	perfect active indicative: perfect stem + perfect endings	pluperfect active indicative: perfect stem + imperfect of sum	future perfect active indicative: perfect stem + future of sum
singular
1st	laudāvī (“I praised.” “I have praised.”)	laudāveram (“I had praised.”)	laudāverō (“I will have praised.”)
2nd	laudāvistī (“You praised.” “You have praised.”)	laudāverās (“You had praised.”)	laudāveris (“You will have praised.”)
3rd	laudāvit (“He/She/It praised.” “He/She/It have praised.”)	laudāverat (“He/She/It had praised.”)	laudāverit (“He/She/It will have praised.”)
plural
1st	laudāvimus (“We praised.” “We have praised.”)	laudāverāmus (“We had praised.”)	laudāverimus (“We will have praised.”)
2nd	laudāvistis (“You praised.” “You have praised.”)	laudāverātis (“You had praised.”)	laudāveritis (“You will have praised.”)
3rd	laudāvērunt (“They praised.” “They have praised.”)	laudāverant (“They had praised.”)	laudāverint (“They will have praised.”)

Capita XIII-XVI

Caput XIII: reflexive pronouns

---, meī “myself”; ---, nostrum “ourselves”
---, tuī “yourself”; ---, vestrum “yourselves”

---, suī “himself/herself/themselves”

SINGULAR
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Nom.	----------	----------	----------
Gen.	meī	tuī	suī
Dat.	mihi	tibi	sibi
Acc.	mē	tē	sē
Abl.	mē	tē	sē
PLURAL
Nom.	----------	----------	----------
Gen.	nostrum/ nostrī	vestrum / vestrī	suī
Dat.	nōbīs	vōbīs	sibi
Acc.	nōs	vōs	sē
Abl.	nōbīs	vōbīs	sē

Caput XIV:
3rd Declension i-stem Nouns

The difference from rēx and other 3rd declension nouns is blink-and-you’ll-miss-it trivial:

check out the genitive plural (also the ablative sg. and the plurals of mare).

	urbs, urbis (f.) “city”	mare, maris (n.) “sea”
singular
Nom.	urbs	mare
Gen.	urbis	maris
Dat.	urbī	marī
Acc.	urbem	mare
Abl.	urbe	marī
plural
Nom.	urbēs	maria
Gen.	urbium	marium
Dat.	urbibus	maribus
Acc.	urbēs	maria
Abl.	urbibus	maribus

Caput XV:

Numerals

duo “two”

	masc.	fem.	neuter
Nom.	duo	duae	duo
Gen.	duōrum	duārum	duōrum
Dat.	duōbus	duābus	duōbus
Acc.	duōs	duās	duo
Abl.	duōbus	duābus	duōbus

trēs, tria “three”

	masc./fem.	neuter
Nom.	trēs	tria
Gen.	trium	trium
Dat.	tribus	tribus
Acc.	trēs	tria
Abl.	tribus	tribus

mīlle, mīlia “thousand”

singular (masc./fem./neuter)
Nom.	mille
Gen.	mille
Dat.	mille
Acc.	mille
Abl.	mille
plural (neuter)
Nom.	mīlia
Gen.	mīlium
Dat.	mīlibus
Acc.	mīlia
Abl.	mīlibus

Caput XVI:
3rd Declension Adjectives

Pretty much like 3rd declension nouns.

They come in three types:

adjectives of 3 endings (like celer, celeris, celere)

adjectives of 2 endings (like fortis, forte)

adjectives of 1 ending (like potēns).

But if you can decline fortis, forte, the others shouldn't cause you any problems.

fortis, forte “strong, brave”
singular
	masc./fem.	neuter
Nom.	fortis	forte
Gen.	fortis	fortis
Dat.	fortī	fortī
Acc.	fortem	forte
Abl.	fortī	fortī
plural
Nom.	fortēs	fortia
Gen.	fortium	fortium
Dat.	fortibus	fortibus
Acc.	fortēs	fortia
Abl.	fortibus	fortibus

Capita XVII-XX

Caput XVII:
Relative Pronouns

quī, quae, quod “who; which”

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nom.	quī	quae	quod
Gen.	cuius	cuius	cuius
Dat.	cui	cui	cui
Acc.	quem	quam	quod
Abl.	quō	quā	quō
PLURAL
Nom.	quī	quae	quae
Gen.	quōrum	quārum	quōrum
Dat.	quibus	quibus	quibus
Acc.	quōs	quās	quae
Abl.	quibus	quibus	quibus

Caput XVIII:
Passives: Present System

principal parts	First Conjugation laudō “I praise/” 1st. sg. pres. act. indic. laudāre “to praise” pres. act. infinitive laudāvī “I have praised.” 1st. sg. pf. act. indic. laudātum “having been praised” pf. passive  participle	Third Conjugation agō “I do” 1st. sg. pres. act. indic. agere “to do” pres. act. infinitive ēgī “I (have) done” 1st. sg. pf. act. indic. actum “(having been) done” pf. passive  participle
Future Passive
	sg.
1st	laudābor	"I will be VERBed."	agar
2nd	laudāberis / laudābere	"You will be VERBed."	agēris / agēre
3rd	laudābitur	"He/She/It will be VERBED."	agētur
	pl.
1st	laudābimur	"We will be VERBed."	agēmur
2nd	laudābiminī	"You will be VERBed."	agēminī
3rd	laudābuntur	"They will be VERBED."	agentur
Present Passive
	sg.
1st	laudor	"I am VERBed."	agor
2nd	laudāris	"You are VERBed."	ageris
3rd	laudātur	"He/She/It is VERBed."	agitur
	pl.
1st	laudāmur	"We are VERBed."	agimur
2nd	laudāminī	"You are VERBed."	agiminī
3rd	laudantur	"They are VERBed."	aguntur
Imperfect Passive
	sg.
1st	laudābar	"I was being VERBed."	agēbar
2nd	laudābāris / laudābāre	"You were being VERBed."	agēbāris / agēbāre
3rd	laudābātur	"He/She/It was being VERBed."	agēbātur
	pl.
1st	laudābāmur	"We were being VERBed."	agēbāmur
2nd	laudābāminī	"You were being VERBed."	agēbāminī
3rd	laudābantur	"They were being VERBed."	agēbantur

——————————


LAT 1020/1020H

For Quiz 1/Test 1:

Review 1st & 2nd Declension Adjectives:

bonus, —a —um "good"

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nominative	bonus	bona	bonum
Genitive	bonī	bonae	bonī
Dative	bonō	bonae	bonō
Accusative	bonum	bonam	bonum
Ablative	bonō	bonā	bonō
Vocative	bone	bona	bonum
PLURAL
Nominative	bonī	bonae	bona
Genitive	bonōrum	bonārum	bonōrum
Dative	bonīs	bonīs	bonīs
Accusative	bonōs	bonās	bona
Ablative	bonīs	bonīs	bonīs
Vocative	bonī	bonae	bona

Review 3rd declension Nouns

rex, rēgis (m.) "king"

ovis, ovis (m/f) sheep
animal, animālis (n.) "animal"

singular
	rex	ovis	animal
NOMINATIVE: subject	rex	ovis	animal
GENITIVE: possession (etc)	rēgis	ovis	animālis
DATIVE: indirect object (etc)	rēgī	ovī	animālī
ACCUSATIVE: direct object (etc)	rēgem	ovem	animāl
ABLATIVE: obj. of prep., (etc., etc.)	rēge	ove	animāle
VOCATIVE: direct address	rex	ovis	animal
plural
NOMINATIVE: subject	rēgēs	ovēs	animālia
GENITIVE: possession (etc)	rēgum	ovium	animālium
DATIVE: indirect object (etc)	rēgibus	ovibus	animālibus
ACCUSATIVE: direct object (etc)	rēgēs	ovēs	animālia
ABLATIVE: obj. of prep., (etc., etc.	rēgibus	ovibus	animālibus
VOCATIVE: direct address	rēgēs	ovēs	animālia

_____

Review 3rd declension Adjectives of 1 Ending

pār, pāris "equal"

singular
	masculine/feminine	neuter
NOMINATIVE	pār	pār
GENITIVE	paris	paris
DATIVE	parī	parī
ACCUSATIVE	parem	pār
ABLATIVE	parī	parī
VOCATIVE	pār	pār
plural
NOMINATIVE	parēs	paria
GENITIVE	parium	parium
DATIVE	paribus	paribus
ACCUSATIVE	parēs	paria
ABLATIVE	paribus	paribus
VOCATIVE	parēs	paria

LEARN THE PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE FOR regere "to rule"

regēns, regentis “ruling” (present active participle)
singular
	masc./fem.	neuter
Nom.	regēns	regēns
Gen.	regentis	regentis
Dat.	regentī	regentī
Acc.	regentem	regēns
Abl.	regente (sometimes: regentī)	regente (sometimes: regentī)
plural
Nom.	regentēs	regentia
Gen.	regentium	regentium
Dat.	regentibus	regentibus
Acc.	regentēs	regentia
Abl.	regentibus	regentibus

___________

QUIZ 2 for LAT 1020/1020H

Caput XIX:
Passives: Perfect System

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise”

FUTURE PERFECT

"THE SUBJECT will have been VERBed."

	sg.	pl.
1st	laudātus erō	laudātī erimus
2nd	laudātus eris	laudātī eritis
3rd	laudātus erit	laudātī erunt

PERFECT

"THE SUBJECT has been VERBed." /  "The SUBJECT was VERBed."

	sg.	pl.
1st	laudātus sum	laudātī sumus
2nd	laudātus es	laudātī estis
3rd	laudātus est	laudātī sunt

PLUPERFECT

"THE SUBJECT had been VERBed."

	sg.	pl.
1st	laudātus eram	laudātī erāmus
2nd	laudātus erās	laudātī erātis
3rd	laudātus erat	laudātī erant

quis, quod “who?; what?”

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nom.	quis	quis	quod
Gen.	cuius	cuius	cuius
Dat.	cui	cui	cui
Acc.	quem	quem	quod
Abl.	quō	quō	quō
PLURAL
Nom.	quī	quae	quae
Gen.	quōrum	quārum	quōrum
Dat.	quibus	quibus	quibus
Acc.	quōs	quās	quae
Abl.	quibus	quibus	quibus

Caput XX:
Fourth Declension Nouns

singular
	fructus, —ūs (m.) "fruit"	cornū, —ūs (n.) "horn"
Nom.	fructus	cornū
Gen.	fructūs	cornūs
Dat.	fructuī	cornū
Acc.	fructum	cornū
Abl.	fructū	cornū
plural
Nom.	fructūs	cornua
Gen.	fructuum	cornuum
Dat.	fructibus	cornibus
Acc.	fructūs	cornua
Abl.	fructibus	cornibus

Caput XXI:
We're skipping this one, but feel free to use it to review passive in the the present/imperfect/future

Caput XXII:
5th Declension Nouns

 rēs, reī (f.) "thing, business"

singular
Nom.	rēs
Gen.	reī
Dat.	reī
Acc.	rem
Abl.	rē
plural
Nom.	rēs
Gen.	rērum
Dat.	rēbus
Acc.	rēs
Abl.	rēbus

Caput XXIII:
We're skipping this one, but you can use it to review participles if needed.

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QUIZ 3 for LAT 1020/1020H

Caput XXIV:
No new forms to memorize. (Yay?)

Caput XXV:

Infinitives

1st conjugation: laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise”

	active	passive
future	laudātūrus esse	laudātum īrī
present	laudāre	laudārī
perfect	laudāvisse	laudātus esse

2nd conjugation: moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus “to warn”

	active	passive
future	monitūrus esse	monitum īrī
present	monēre	monērī
perfect	monuisse	monitus esse

3rd conjugation: agō, agere, ēgī, actus “to do, drive, lead”

	active	passive
future	actūrus esse	actum īrī
present	agere	agī
perfect	ēgisse	actus esse

4th conjugation: audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus “to hear”

	active	passive
future	audītūrus esse	audītum īrī
present	audīre	audīrī
perfect	audīvisse	audītus esse

Caput XXVI:

Degree of Adjectives

Comparative adjectives are all 3rd Declension

and decline like fortior, fortius.

	sg.		pl.
	m./f.	n.	m./f.	n.
nom.	fortior	fortius	fortiōrēs	fortiōra
gen	fortiōris	fortiōris	fortiorum	fortiorum
dat.	fortiōrī	fortiōrī	fortiōribus	fortiōribus
acc.	fortiōrem	fortius	fortiōrēs	fortiōra
abl.	fortiōre	fortiōre	fortiōribus	fortiōribus

Superlative adjectives are all 1st&2nd Declension and decline like magnus, -a, -um.

decline like magnus, -a, um).

SINGULAR
	MASCULINE	FEMININE	NEUTER
Nom.	magnus	magna	magnum
Gen.	magnī	magnae	magnī
Dat.	magnō	magnae	magnō
Acc.	magnum	magnam	magnum
Abl.	magnō	magnā	magnō
Voc.	magne	magna	magnum
PLURAL
Nom.	magnī	magnae	magna
Gen.	magnōrum	magnārum	magnōrum
Dat.	magnīs	magnīs	magnīs
Acc.	magnōs	magnās	magna
Abl.	magnīs	magnīs	magnīs
Voc.	magnī	magnae	magna

Caput XXVII:

Irregular Comparatives

positive	comparative	superlative
bonus, -a, -um “good”	melior, melius “better”	optimus, -a, -um “best”
malus, -a, -um “bad”	peior, peius “worse”	pessimus, -a, -um “worst”
magnus, -a, -um “big”	maior, maius “bigger”	maximus, -a, -um “biggest”
parvus, -a, -um “small”	minor, minus “smaller”	minimus, -a, -um “smallest”
multus, -a, -um “much”	plūs (n. sg. only), plūrēs, plūra (pl.) “more”	plūrimus, -a, -um “most”

positive	comparative	superlative
miser, misera, miserum “miserable, wretched”	miserior, miserius “more miserable”	miserrimus, -a, -um “most miserable”
celer, celeris, celere “fast”	celerior, celerius “faster”	celerrimus, -a, -um “fastest”
facilis, -e “easy”	facilior, facilius “easier”	facillimus, -a, -um “easiest”
difficilis, -e “difficult”	difficilior, difficilius “more difficult”	difficillimus, -a, -um “most difficult”
similis, -e “similar”	similior, similius “more similar”	simillimus, -a, -um “most similar”
dissimilis, -e “dissimilar”	dissimilior, dissimilius “more dissimilar”	dissimillimus, -a, -um “most dissimilar”
humilis, -e “humble”	humilior, humilius “humbler”	humillimus, -a, -um “humblest”

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QUIZ 4 for LAT 1020/1020H

Caput XXVIII:

The Present Subjunctive

	1st Conjugation: laudāre ā > ē	2nd Conjugation: monēre ē > eā	3rd Conjugation: agere e/i/u > ā	4th Conjugation: audīre ī > iā
person	singular
1st	laudem	moneam	agam	audiam
2nd	laudēs	moneās	agās	audiās
3rd	laudet	moneat	agat	audiat
	plural
1st	laudēmus	moneāmus	agāmus	audiāmus
2nd	laudētis	moneātis	agātis	audiātis
3rd	laudent	moneant	agānt	audiant

Caput XXIX: imperfect subjunctive
(and present subjunctive of sum & possum)

Imperfect Subjunctive: laudō & moneō

	1st Conjugation: laudāre		2nd Conjugation: monēre
	active	passive	active	passive
person	singular
1st	laudārem	laudārer	monērem	monērer
2nd	laudārēs	laudārēris	monērēs	monērēris
3rd	laudāret	laudārētur	monēret	monērētur
	plural
1st	laudārēmus	laudārēmur	monērēmus	monērēmur
2nd	laudārētis	laudārēminī	monērētis	monērēminī
3rd	laudārent	laudārentur	monērent	monērentur

Present & Imperfect Subjunctive: sum & possum

	esse		posse
	present subjunctive	imperfect subjunctive	present subjunctive	imperfect subjunctive
person	singular
1st	sim	essem	possim	possem
2nd	sīs	essēs	possīs	possēs
3rd	sit	esset	possit	posset
	plural
1st	sīmus	essēmus	possīmus	possēmus
2nd	sītis	essētis	possītis	possētis
3rd	sint	essent	possint	possent

Caput XXX: perfect and pluperfect subjunctive

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum "to praise"

Perfect Subjunctive:

	ACTIVE	PASSIVE (masc. subject)
	sg.	sg.
1st	laudāverim	laudātus sim
2nd	laudāverīs	laudātus sīs
3rd	laudāverit	laudātus sit
	pl.	pl.
1st	laudāverīmus	laudātī sīmus
2nd	laudāverītis	laudātī sītis
3rd	laudāverint	laudātī sint

Pluperfect Subjunctive:

	ACTIVE	PASSIVE (fem. subject)
	sg.	sg.
1st	laudavissem	laudāta essem
2nd	laudavissēs	laudāta essēs
3rd	laudavisset	laudāta esset
	pl.	pl.
1st	laudavissēmus	laudātae essēmus
2nd	laudavissētis	laudātae essētis
3rd	laudavissent	laudātae essent

Caput XXXI: ferō

ferō, ferre, tūlī, lātum "to bring, bear, suffer, endure"

person	pres. act. indicative	pres. act. passive
	sg.	sg.
1st	ferō	feror
2nd	fers	ferris
3rd	fert	fertur
	pl.	pl.
1st	ferimus	ferimur
2nd	fertis	feriminī
3rd	ferunt	feruntur

Caput XXXII: volō, nōlō, mālō

volō, velle, voluī, ---- “to want”

person	indicative	subjunctive
	sg.	sg.
1st	volō	velim
2nd	vīs	velis
3rd	vult	velit
	pl.	pl.
1st	volumus	velimus
2nd	vultis	velitis
3rd	volunt	velint

nōlō, nōlle, nōluī “to not want”
& mālō, mālle, māluī “to want X more (than Y)”

	nōlle (pres. act. indic.)	mālle (pres. act. indic.)
	sg.	sg.
1st	nōlō	mālō
2nd	nōn vīs	māvīs
3rd	nōn vult	māvult
	pl.	pl.
1st	nōlumus	mālumus
2nd	nōn vultis	māvultis
3rd	nōlunt	mālunt

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Quiz 5 for LAT 1020/1020H:
Capita XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXVII, XXXIX

Caput XXXIII: no new forms. Yay?

Caput XXXIV: deponents

hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum "to urge, exhort"

&
sequor, sequī, secūtus sum "to follow"

	hortārī (pres. act. indic.)	sequī (pres. act. indic.)
	sg.	sg
1st	hortor	sequor
2nd	hortāris	sequeris
3rd	hortātur	sequitur
	pl.	pl.
1st	hortāmur	sequimur
2nd	hortāminī	sequiminī
3rd	hortantur	sequuntur

Caput XXXVII: Conjugation of īre "to go"

	present indicative active of īre
	sg.
1st	eō
2nd	īs
3rd	it
	pl.
1st	īmus
2nd	ītis
3rd	eunt

	imperfect indicative active of īre
	sg.
1st	ībam
2nd	ībās
3rd	ībat
	pl.
1st	ībāmus
2nd	ībātis
3rd	ībant

	future indicative active of īre
	sg.
1st	ībō
2nd	ībis
3rd	ībit
	pl.
1st	ībimus
2nd	ībitis
3rd	ībunt

	present subjunctive active of īre
	sg.
1st	eam
2nd	eās
3rd	eat
	pl.
1st	eāmus
2nd	eātis
3rd	eant

Caput XXXIX: Gerunds

The gerund of dīco, dīcere, dīxi, dictum "to say"

nominative	dīcere
genitive	dīcendī
dative	dīcendō
accusative	dīcendum
ablative	dīcendō

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