INDEX CURSUS: Wizards, Warriors, & Witches (CLCV 3930)

 
Last updated: August 11, 2026

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Classics Program at BGSU
Studies in Latin at BGSU
Department of World Languages and Cultures
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Bowling Green State University


 a knight in plate armor blowing a horn while riding a
            hippogriff;
  Fabrizio Baldo, Astolfo rides the hippogriff
(illustration for Orlando Furioso)


CLCV 3930: Wizards, Warriors, and Witches

Tuesday/Thursday 2:30-3:45
Eppler Center 223

Professor:
James M. Pfundstein, Ph.D.
Shatzel 222
phone: 419-372-8278
e-mail: jmpfund@bgsu.edu
office hours: Tues. 12:30-1:20 or by appointment
web page: http://blogs.bgsu.edu/pfundblog/
Facebook: james.enge
Bluesky: jamesenge
Mastodon: jamesenge


Required Texts
:


    The Matter of Britain:
Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Brittaniae (selections)
PDF available here (and elsewhere online):
https://archive.org/details/britishhistoryg01geofgoog/page/n6/mode/2up

Guest, Charlotte (transl.) Mabinogion (selections: “The Lady of the Fountain”; “Peredur, Son of Evrawc”)
PDF available here (and elsewhere online)
https://archive.org/details/mabinogion01schr
Weston, Jessie (transl.) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (1897)
original edition here (free, but in a rather soupy, marked-up PDF)
https://archive.org/details/sirgawaingreenkn00west
reprint edition here (not free, but you can get a clean hardcopy)
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight/HDfCAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&kptab=getbook
Malory, Morte d’Arthur (selections)
in various formats at Project Gutenberg
volume 1: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1251

volume 2: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1252
as a single PDF at Archive.org:
https://archive.org/details/lemortedarthursi00malorich

Matarasso, Pauline The Quest of the Holy Grail (Penguin, 1969)


Cable, The Death of King Arthur (Penguin, 1972)

The Matter of Rome

Hunt's modernized version of the Middle English romance, Sir Orfeo is available at archive.org.

A PDF of Richard Scott-Robinson's modernized version of Octavian is here.

The Matter of France

Sayers, Dorothy (transl.) The Song of Roland (Penguin, 1957)
used copies available here
also online for free at archive.org here: https://archive.org/details/thesongofroland
Reynolds, Barbara (transl.) Ariosto: Orlando Furioso: Part One (Penguin, 1975)

Reynolds, Barbara (transl.) Ariosto: Orlando Furioso: Part Two (Penguin, 1977)

Online Resources:
What is standard manuscript formatting? For the purposes of this class, see the link below.
https://jamesenge.com/GenericMythArgument.wordformat.pdf
The T.E.A.M.S. Middle English texts series has an extremely rich website, including texts in Middle English, and jumping-off points for research, including the Robin Hood Project and (more relevant for our topic) the Camelot Project.
https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams
Bouchier (et al.), Huon of Bordeaux (Ruskin, 1985)
https://archive.org/details/huonofbordeauxdo00bernuoft
Alternate versions of Sir Orfeo: Tolkien's is online, but I'm dubious about whether the site has the legal right to post it. Another modernized version, by Richard Scott-Robinson, is here.

Weston's Gawain at the Grail Castle (1903) is online at The Internet Archive and elsewhere.
https://archive.org/details/SirGawainAtTheGrailCastle1903/page/n7/mode/2up

Here's a list of university resources and policies. I particularly recommend the resources.
https://jamesenge.com/BGSU.ResourcesAndPolicies.html
etc!
 
If you find any other good sources, let me know. I'll be expanding this section as more stuff comes to my attention.

Course Expectations:

1. Expectations for Behavior: Abide by Wheaton's Law. For details, see the BGSU Codes of Conduct.

2. Expectations for Learning: This is a survey course in medieval legends, and will involve readings in translation from a variety of sources (Latin, Welsh, Old French, Middle English). By the end of it you should have a good sense of what myth is (as opposed to, say, religion), and what medieval legend is in particular; you will have had a chance to read and write and think about these myths and their applicability to our culture and our time.

Survey courses are, of necessity, somewhat heterogeneous. This means that I'll be covering a lot of topics which may not obviously be related to each other, and also I will use a lot of words like "heterogeneous". You might think of the myths as the members of an extended family. They're not all the same, and none of them are exactly the same. But there is an undeniable organic relation between them, and the more of them you know the more you will see the resemblance.

3. About COVID-19 and masking protocols:

Here’s the deal. COVID-19 is a highly communicable and potentially deadly disease, and it's still around. I'm taking the risk of not using a mask in class, for the sake of clarity in my lectures, but if you want to use a mask in class, I urge you to do so. I would certainly do so if I were taking this class rather than lecturing in it.

4. AI Use Guidelines

It shouldn't come up for this class (where all the gradable work consists of closed-book, in-class assignments). But I say anyway: don't use generative AI (i.e. chatbots) for the assignments in this class. Setting aside the fact that chatbots routinely violate intellectual property law and are ethically and environmentally unsustainable, the technology does not work as advertised. It cannot cite required sources accurately, for instance (unless it happens to be plagiarizing a source that does). These programs don't create writing based on knowledge; they generate text using statistical probabilities and a very large database, a process that has been described as "stochastic parroting". If you've ever seen a weird autocomplete on your phone, be aware that this is what AI does routinely. It's instantly obvious to anyone who reads carefully, which is one of the things you're paying me to do.

"Aha, Pfundstein!" you may say in the silent precincts of your heart, "how will you know, know for a fact that I used AI? If not, how can you ban it?"

As someone charged with your intellectual well-being and development, I urge you to avoid that brain-rot caused by these things. But as far as the course goes: I grade for elements that generative AI can’t provide (e.g. accurate and relevant citations of specific evidence)—not to exclude slop generated by chatbots, but because the ability to do that stuff is a sign of actual intelligence (which, despite the name on the label, AI doesn’t have).

Grading
:


attendance

3 exams
(50 points of objective questions
based on readings and lectures;

one 500-word essay written in class)

final exam
(50 points of objective questions
based on readings and lectures;

two 500-word essays written in class)


10%

20%
each



30%


Assignments:
The attendance score is simply based on whether you're there or not. Absent with an excuse is still absent. I mention this because some people have formed the habit of treating all courses as if they were distance-learning. This just isn't that kind of course. If there's some kind of emergency (e.g. a prolonged illness), I'll make reasonable accommodations, and there will be extra credit available through the semester to help make up an attendance deficit.

The exams will fall into two parts. Both are closed book.
The first part will consist of strictly objective questions (e.g.: true/false, matching, short ID, visual ID) based on the readings and lectures as noted in the schedule below. They'll be administered in class.

The second part is an in-class essay. I'll give you a set of prompts and you'll pick one of them to write a 500-word minimum essay based on the readings. It should include a brief thesis statement ("Medieval Legends are really about potatoes!"), defended by an argument ("Because potatoes are the only thing that appear in every one of the myths that we saw in this section!") supported by evidence ("[Potato-Myth 1], [Potato-Myth 2], [Potato-Myth 3]," etc). The test is closed book, but the more specific you can be about the source of the story, the better.

The final exam is like the previous exams, but with an extra essay. The objective questions will refer only to material we've covered since Exam 3. There will be essay questions that refer strictly to material covered since Week 3, also. But, in case you want to write an essay ranging over the whole course, I'll provide a prompt or two that allows you to do this.


THE FINE PRINT:
 No makeups given due to absence without prior arrangement with the instructor.
 No one can pass the course without passing the final exam.
 Incompletes will only be issued for pressing reasons and by prior arrangement with the instructor.
" 'It's my opinion,' replied the Tuna, 'and opinions deserve respect! That's what Tuna politicians say.' "—Collodi, Pinocchio
 The instructor reserves the right to recognize significant improvement (or decline) in student performance when awarding the final grade.
 The maximum amount of extra credit which may count towards the final grade = 10% of the total course points.
 The syllabus is subject to change at the discretion of the instructor; changes will be announced in class and posted on-line.


SCHEDULE

week readings assignments, etc.
topics & arguments
Week 1:
August 25, 27
Geoffrey of Monmouth (selections)

Merlin’s origin story and Vortigern’s death (Book VI chs. XVII-XIX, Book VIII, chs. I-II).

Merlin & Stonehenge (Book VIII, chs. X-XII)


History, Myth, and Legend


What's the Matter with Romance?
(This super-funny joke will require
an hour or so of tedious explanation.)

 

Romans, Britons, Anglo-Saxons, and other imaginary beings

The historical Arthur (and Merlin?) and Charlemagne


The Matter of Britain

Week 2
September 1, 3

Geoffrey of Monmouth (selections)


Uther & Arthur (Book VIII, chs. XV, XVII, XIX, XXII, XXIV)

Death (?) of Arthur (Book XI, chs. I-II)


Arthur the hero

The Raglan Scale

Merlin's magic: fantasy or science fiction?

Week 3:
September 8, 10

Guest's translation of The Mabinogion:

“The Lady of the Fountain”,

“Peredur, Son of Evrawc”

Thursday
Sept 10: 
Exam 1 

(readings & lectures
weeks 1-3)


The fool and the hero

 

Arthur the non-hero,
or: Can a king be a hero?

 

The British knights of the Round Table

Week 4:
September 15, 17

Weston's version of
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight


The chivalric code

 

pagan and Christian elements the story

 

The traitor Aeneas vs. the faithful Gawain

 

fantasy or allegory or...?

Week 5:
September 22, 24

Malory, Morte d’Arthur

Book 1: The Coming of Arthur;

Book 11: Adventures of Lancelot

September 22:
Bilbo Baggins' Birthday
(classes as usual)


Merlin the Trickster

 

Arthur and Hercules


Sex, deceit, and violence in French romance

 

The French Knights of the Round Table


The monstrification of British knights in French romances

Week 6:
September 29,
October 1
Matarasso's translation of The Quest of the Holy Grail


Biblical legend and Britain

 

The True Cross and Britain

 

Holiness and chivalry: contradictory ideals?

 

holiness vs. magic; holiness as magic

Week 7:
-----, October 8
Cable's translation of The Death of King Arthur October 5-6: Fall Break
(no classes)


Mordred: villain or hero?

 

Lancelot: villain or hero?

 

After Avalon: the afterlife of Arthur

Week 8
October 13, 15

Sir Orfeo,

Tuesday October 13:
Exam 2

(readings & lectures
weeks 4-7)

The Matter of Rome

myth in history

history in myth

Week 9
October 20, 22
Octavian

Charlemagne: real or imaginary?

religious slander in medieval/renaissance epic

Week 10
October 27, 29

Sayers' translation of The Song of Roland


Italian versions of the Matter of France

 

Ariosto’s monstrous patrons

 

The beginning is not really the beginning.

Week 11
November 3, 5

Reynolds' translation of
Ariosto,
Orlando Furioso
Cantos 1-9


traitors and heroes in the court of Charlemagne

 

“I am no man!” The female heroes of Ariosto’s epic




Week 12
November 10, 12
Reynolds' translation of
Ariosto,
Orlando Furioso

Cantos 10-20
Tuesday November 10:
Exam 3
(readings & lectures
weeks 4-7)


“I tell thee, love’s but a madness...”

Ariosto: romantic or anti-romantic?


Week 13
November 17, 19
Reynolds' translation of
Ariosto,
Orlando Furioso

Cantos 21-30


Stealing from the best: the sources of Ariosto

The bad guys of the epic: how bad are they, really?

 

Prequels and sequels: other writers of Italian epic

Week 14
November 24, -----
Reynolds' translation of
Ariosto,
Orlando Furioso

Cantos 31-40
November 25-27:
Thanksgiving Break

(no classes)
Moon shots:
space travel in ancient and Renaissance literature


Homer, Ariosto, and St. John the Evangelist:
just a trio of hacks?

Week 15
December 1, 3
Reynolds' translation of
Ariosto,
Orlando Furioso

Cantos 41-46

The physical cosmos of Ariosto’s epic

 

The moral cosmos of Ariosto’s epic


The end is not really the end.
Finals Week
December 7-11
-----

Final Exam:
Friday, December 11
11:30 AM-2:00 PM





 
 
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